12/20/00: Hopi Radio (Listen in RealAudio…)
With the New Year has come a new tribal radio station! Hopi Radio! On this day, the Hopis will broadcast for the first time in history, and Native America Calling will be there. Join us as we discuss the birth of a new station and welcome the Hopis to the AIROS family. How does a tribal station empower the community and affect the flow of information? Guests include Hopi Chairman Wayne Taylor and Doran Dalton, director of the Hopi Foundation. (Listen to other programs on media issues)

12/19/00: Darkness in El Dorado (Listen in RealAudio…)
A new book has alleged that anthropologists and reporters have greatly harmed the people of the Brazilian rain forest. The author of this controversial book has contended that researchers and journalists have been guilty of introducing and experimenting with diseases and staging confrontations. He has said that "Darkness in El Dorado" exposes the suffering of the Yanomami people in the name of science and journalism. Guests include author Patrick Tierney. (Listen to other programs on international issues.)

12/14/00: Native America, Capitalism or Socialism? (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native America has been torn between two distinct political realties - Capitalism vs. Socialism. On the one hand, traditional values have promoted capitalist ideals that reward individual achievement and proliferation of private property. While on the other hand, sharing your fortunes with the community has also been rewarded and considered a quality of leadership. But how have these two political concepts shaped today's Native America? Guests include Waylon Honga of the Hualapai Tribe of Arizona.

12/13/00: Taxing Non-Indians on the Rez (Listen in RealAudio…)
Should non-Indian businesses operating on reservations have been exempt from paying tribal taxes? A federal case that affirms Indian Nation's rights to tax within their boundaries has headed to the Supreme Court and its outcome will have an impact all of Indian Country. A non-Navajo businessman has challenged the Navajo Nation's right to tax businesses on the reservation. Who has taxation authority and jurisdiction on Native lands? Guests include attorney Marcelino Gomez from the Navajo Nation Department of Justice. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

12/12/00: Who Owns Crazy Horse? (Listen in RealAudio…)
Descendants of Crazy Horse have protested at corporate headquarters to stop J.C. Penney's, Liz Claiborne's and Hornell Brewing Company's unauthorized use of the Lakota warrior and spiritual leader's name to sell their products. Their efforts have been supported by interfaith investors who own stock in these companies and who also want the exploitation to stop. Guests include Bill Means and Dr. Phyllis Fredrick of the Crazy Horse Defense Fund. (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

12/11/00: Holiday Safety (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Holiday Season has come and so has the season of danger. Ironically most injuries and accidents have occurred during this time of celebration and reunion. Potential hazards have stemmed from the gifts we buy to Christmas tree decorations. How can we make this a safe and fun holiday season? Guests include Nancy Harjo, Project Director for AMERIND Risk Management Corporation and Rachel Wientraub of Public Interest Research Group and Toysafety.net.

12/7/00: Indecision 2000 (Cont.) (Listen in RealAudio…)
It has been over three weeks since the national election and we still do not have a president. How has this delay affected the country and Native America? Has it had any impact at all? Could the United States function without a president elect? What lessons have we learned for Election 2004? Take part in our very own NAC on-air recount. Guests include Paul DeMain, editor of News From Indian Country and campaign manager for Winona LaDuke. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

12/6/00: Mounds of Wisconsin (Listen in RealAudio…)
The archaeological record have indicated that most ancient societies in the upper Midwest built mounds between 800 b.c. and 1200 a.d. More mounds were built in Wisconsin than in any other region of North America. Most impressive are the effigy mounds, huge earthworks sculpted into the shapes of birds, mammals, and other forms, not found anywhere else in the world in such concentrations. Could these mounds actually be cosmological maps that model ancient belief systems? Guests include forensic anthropologist Leslie Eisenberg of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. (Listen to other programs on environment.) (Listen to other programs on land issues)

12/5/00: The Corps of Discovery II (Listen in RealAudio…)
The National Park Service has appointed a Native American to head up the Lewis and Clark commemoration team. Park Ranger Gerard Baker, Mandan/Hidatsa, has been appointed superintendent of the Corps of Discovery II, which has organized the celebration of the bicentennial of the famous expedition. Can the Corps of Discovery help rewrite a truer picture of Native history? Can the National Parks also provide a forum to discuss the true history of the Americas? Guests include Gerard Baker and Barbara Suteer of the National Park Service.

12/4/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
Slade Gorton has lost his Senate seat in the state of Washington. What will this mean for Indian Country? In Maine, tribal leaders have been held in contempt of court for standing up against the pollution of their rivers. In Johannesburg, South Africa, Native leaders have been helping to negotiate an international treaty that would phase out 12 of the planet's worst poisons. And Indian preference has obtained a vote of confidence in D.C. by Democratic lawmakers. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.) (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

11/30/00: Native Owned Progressive Schools (Listen in RealAudio…)
Should Native American communities own and control their own schools? One reservation has been doing just that. The Southern Ute Indian Tribe has recently opened their own Montessori school which features the "Whole Child Learning Method." Can Native operated and owned schools that feature progressive curriculum create fertile learning environments? Guests include Diane Millich-Olguin of the Southern Ute Tribe. (Listen to other programs on education.)

11/29/00: The Roads of My Relations (Listen in RealAudio…)
Choctaw writer Devon A. Mihesuah has chronicled the lives of her Choctaw family spanning several generations. She has traced the footsteps of their forced relocation from their homeland in Mississippi to their present day home in Southeastern Oklahoma. Her stories have expressed the strength of a tribe whose identity and pride have survived the disruptions of colonialism. What lessons can we learn from the road of our ancestors? (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

11/28/00: Indian Preference. Is It Fair? (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Indian Preference Act has been under attack! This federal hiring policy has been adopted to combat discrimination against Native people and encourage the hiring of tribal members. Now, lawmakers in Washington have said that The Indian Preference Act is race-based and unconstitutional. Should it have been repealed? Or has it been a Native affirmative action plan that needs to be strengthened? (Listen to other programs on civil rights.) (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

11/22/00: U.N. Indigenous Peoples Convention (Listen in RealAudio…)
People of color from throughout the world have gathered in Geneva, Switzerland to push forward for acceptance of a strong declaration of rights for the indigenous people of the world. But world superpowers, including the U.S., have been concerned that language in the U.N. declaration may give aboriginal communities too much power. Will this document ever move past draft form? (Listen to other programs on civil rights.) (Listen to other programs on race.) (Listen to other programs on human rights.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

11/21/00: Honoring Nations (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development has aimed to understand the conditions under which sustained social and economic development has been achieved in Indian communities. Now in its second year, Honoring Nations has identified, celebrated and shared outstanding examples of tribal governance. Should your tribal nation have been honored? Guests include Andrew Lee of the Seneca Nation, executive director of the Honoring Nations program.

11/20/00: Leonard Peltier Update (Listen in RealAudio…)
The request for clemency for Leonard Peltier has arrived on President Bill Clinton's desk. Will he have signed it before he has left office? The Leonard Peltier Defense Committee has been asking people to contact the White House now as they have feared the next president might not be likely to give Peltier clemency. Tune in and find out more about the push for clemency and other recent developments in the Peltier case. Guests include Leonard's granddaughter Alex Peltier; Jane Day, an AIM member who was at Pine Ridge during the AIM occupation; and Gena Ghilia, a spokesperson for the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee. (Listen to other programs on civil rights.)

11/16/00: The New Small Pox Blankets (Listen in RealAudio…)
Sacred ceremonial items that have been returned to tribes from museums and universities under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act have been contaminated. That's right, pesticides have been used to preserve and protect these items and some have even been laced with arsenic. These contaminants have prevented tribal members from using these repatriated items in ceremonies, and in some cases have caused illness. Are these items the new small pox blankets? Guests include Leigh Kuwanyisiwma of the Hopi Tribe. [See the 2000 NCAI page]

11/15/00: Cashing In On Casinos (Listen in RealAudio…)
If you have looked around Indian Country you will have seen more and more tribes drawing up plans to open new casinos. Investors have been at their doors, ready and willing to pump money into tribal coffers. But will the big money continue? Or have we grown dangerously close to saturating the gaming market? (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on gaming.)
[See the 2000 NCAI page]

11/14/00: Termination by Disintegration (Listen in RealAudio…)
Tribes all across Indian Country have faced the same tough question: should we lower our blood quantum to keep our membership from dropping? This has brought other questions to mind. For example, has the lowering blood quantum also lowered the integrity and authenticity of the tribe? Or has it simply allowed the tribe to keep from disintegrating into extinction? [See the 2000 NCAI page]

11/13/00: Indecision 2000 (Listen in RealAudio…)
Six days past the presidential election and America still didn't know who its President was to be. The nation's eyes have been on the state of Florida and their precious 25 electoral votes. Florida election officials have been expected to announce a winner this weekend. Will the loser accept defeat when the final numbers are in or will we see the election stalled and stained by court action and lawsuits. Guests include Native leaders from across Indian Country. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.) [See the 2000 NCAI page]

11/9/00: International Boxing - Native America vs. Finland (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native boxers have taken on the International Boxing Team of Finland at the Soaring Eagle Casino and Resort in Mt. Pleasant, MI. The 10-card bout was to feature some of the best Native boxers and potential 2004 Olympic hopefuls. The event was to be a project of the Native American Sports Council (NASC), which is a member of the Olympic Organizing Committee. The Council had been working to get the Native American Boxing Championships recognized by USA Boxing. Could our boxing events become an official national amateur event? Guests include Maurice Smith, acting executive director of NASC. (Listen to other programs on international issues)

11/8/00: Native Farm Aid (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native American farmers and ranchers have sued the United States Department of Agriculture alleging that they are being discriminated against. Hundreds of Native farmers have said that they have been overlooked when it comes to getting badly needed subsidies, market protections and better lease agreements. Can Native farming and ranching survive in the new millennium? Guests include Tex Hall of the Three Affiliated Tribes of North Dakota and Attorney Alex Dires. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on land issues)

11/7/00: Tribal Radio Personalities (Listen in RealAudio…)
At tribal radio stations, there have been many different on-air personalities. There have been DJ's, talk-show hosts, news people and others. Many stations within the AIROS network have featured very unique cultural programs. We visited with some of our network stations and get a glimpse of their local programs. What is the role of radio personalities at tribal stations? And what purpose do these local stations serve? Guests include the hosts from "Three Chicks and a Mic" from affiliate KGHR in Tuba City, Arizona. (Listen to other programs on media issues)

11/6/00: Government to Government Relationships (Listen in RealAudio…)
President Clinton has signed a revised executive order intended to strengthen the government-to-government relationship between U.S. federal agencies and tribes. The White House has said the new order will build upon prior directive, but tribes have remained skeptical. Tribal leaders say consultation has often been promised but rarely practiced. How well is the tribal consultation process working? Guests include Kevin Gover, Assistant Secretary of Interior - Bureau Indian Affairs.

11/2/00: U.N. World Conference Against Racism (Listen in RealAudio…)
The UN General Assembly has been preparing for a world conference on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance. The Task Force has been looking for effective remedies and recourse for victims of racism and is coming to Indian Country to Native perspectives. Guests include Debra Carr, Task Force Chair, UN World Conference Against Racism. (Listen to other programs on race.) (Listen to other programs on racism.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

11/1/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
A new film covering Chief Arvol Looking Horse's 10-year journey of peace, unity and cultural awareness to the current seventh generation has nearly been completed. Speaking of films, NAPT has several debuting on PBS-TV this month, we'll inform you on where and when to tune in. The third annual Native American Music Awards have come to Albuquerque. And November is National American Indian Heritage month. What do you have planned? Guests include Tim Giago. (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

10/31/00: Native Ghost Stories (Listen in RealAudio…)
Boo! On this Halloween edition, we brought you true accounts of tales from beyond the physical and natural world. Mescalero/Otomi author Antonio Garcez has a new book coming out called "American Indian Ghost Stories of the Southwest." In it, he shares with us eyewitness ghost stories by Native Americans from the states of Arizona and New Mexico. Do you belief in spirits from the other side? Have you ever had a paranormal experience? Join us and share with us your story of the supernatural.(Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

10/30/00: Book of the Month: "Night Sky, Morning Star" (Listen in RealAudio…)
Cecelia Bluespruce has been a successful Native artist who has become trapped by shadows of her past. Her grown son, Jude, has wanted to learn about the father he has never known. Political activist Julian Morning Star, imprisoned twenty years for a crime he did not commit, was unaware that his son even existed. Troubled by dreams, lies and denial, Cecelia is guided toward acceptance of her own life by family and friends who have their own pasts to confront. Isleta Pueblo author Evelina Zuni Lucero joins us to talk about her book " Night Sky, Morning Star." (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

10/26/00: Warrior Radio (Listen in RealAudio…)
Low-power FM radio stations have been at the center of a debate within the FCC. Some feel that the stations would have simply cluttered the airwaves, while others believe low-power FM will have given historically voiceless communities access to a vital information device - radio. Many cultural groups have believed a radio station of their own could help save their languages and cultures. Former NAC director Joe Leon has travelled to the island of Tahiti to help set up a radio station where the local people will broadcast in their own language for the first time ever. Find out more about LPFM Warrior Radio... (Listen to other programs on media issues)

10/24/00: Get Out the Vote 2000 (Listen in RealAudio…)
In the 20th Century, Native Americans did not participate in our national elections in great numbers. But Indian Nations have become increasingly engaged in the American political process as more tribes realize what is at stake. The Indian vote had been key in several swing states. Would a small segment of the population make an impact on Election 2000? Or would Native America not show up at the polls again? Guests include Susan Masten, President of NCAI and US Senator Daniel K. Inouye, Vice Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. (Listen to other programs on civil rights.) (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

10/23/00: Indian in the Spotlight: Cecelia Fire Thunder (Listen in RealAudio…)
It has not been traditional for Native men to batter Native women or children. This is the message that internationally-known motivational speaker, community organizer and health educator Cecelia Fire Thunder of the Lakota Nation has been vigorously trying to communicate to Native people. She has worked to heal the wounds of oppression, alcoholism and violence that have corrupted many of our Indian families. But how do we approach such sensitive and secretive issues as wife-beating, rape and child abuse?

10/19/00: AFN Convention 2000 (Listen in RealAudio…)
Every October, Alaska Natives from throughout the state have gathered in Anchorage for the annual Alaska Federation of Natives Convention. Tribal leaders, elders, youth and representatives from practically every village have convened to discuss matters of the environment, subsistence rights, oil development, cultural protection and other important issues. In addition, a variety of social events have also been on the agenda. Join us as we bring you live coverage of AFN in Anchorage.

10/18/00: Coming Out in Native America (Listen in RealAudio…)
Gay and lesbian couples around the country held their "Coming Out Day" during the previous week. It has been meant to raise the discrimination issues that gays and lesbians face in society. But what has it been like for Native Americans to openly declare their homosexuality within a traditional setting? Has homosexuality been accepted in Native American communities? Guests include Will Roscoe, author of several books about homosexuality in Native America.

10/17/00: Honduras Seeks Helping Hand (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native people of the Central American country of Honduras have been pleading for help from Native America. The Hondurans have been looking to rebuild and protect their land and cultural lifestyles after years of civil unrest, rampant poverty and recovery from Hurricane Mitch. Can Native America assist the developing indigenous movement of Honduras? Guests include Martha Dominguez of the U.S.-based Peace Action New Mexico and Miriam Miranda, a Garifuna woman and co-director of CONPAH, the Confederation of Autochthonous Peoples of Honduras. (Listen to other programs on international issues)

10/16/00: Mining Zuni Salt Lake (Listen in RealAudio…)
Zuni Salt Lake has been a unique resource to the Zuni people as well as the Hopi, Acoma, Laguna, Navajo and Apache tribes. Zuni salt is produced through an ancient process using water from underground. This salt only comes from these aquifers under special conditions. Although they don't oppose mining in general, the Pueblo have been fearful that the proposed Fence Lake Coal Mine will cause irreparable damage to this sacred water source and taint the salt minerals. Guests include Zuni Governor Malcolm Bowekety. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

10/12/00: Violence in the Home (Listen in RealAudio…)
October is Domestic Violence Awareness Month. It's a social disease that affects every cultural sect of American Society, including Native America. How has domestic violence threatened our cultural future? What can be done to stop violence in the home? Guests include domestic violence counselors Karen Artichoker and Wayne Weston. (Listen to other programs on human rights.)

10/11/00: Columbus Day (Listen in RealAudio…)
No other national holiday has drawn such heated debate as Columbus Day. Mainstream America has been celebrating the holiday to honor the opening of the New World and the colonization of the Western Hemisphere. But Native peoples of the Americas have seen Columbus Day as a remembrance of genocide. Should we forsake the Columbus Day holiday and create a Native American Remembrance Day? Guests include Russell Means and Glen Morris of the American Indian Movement. Check out photos from the Denver's Columbus Day Protest.

10/10/00: Reclaiming Sacred Mountains (Listen in RealAudio…)
Tribes across the United States have been fighting to reclaim Sacred Mountains. The Northern Wintu of California have been battling for Mount Shasta, Arizona tribes have been protecting Mount Graham and the Pueblos of New Mexico have laid claim to the Sandias. For these tribes protecting the mountains has been important to them both spiritually and biologically. What's at stake if tribes aren't able to stop the desecration of these ancient mountains? Guests include Pancho Bigby of the Ft. Belknap Natural Resources Department and Frank Chavez of the Sandia Pueblo. (Listen to other programs on land issues)

10/5/00: Preserving the Past (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native America has reached the 21st Century and a prodigious question is being presented to each and every tribe, tribal member and tribal advocate. What do we preserve from our past to carry with us into the future? Our ceremonies, language and tribal histories have certainly been priorities but what about values, relationships and attitudes? Can we remain closely connected to our past without compromising the future? Can we preserve a way of life that has existed on this planet for millennia? (Listen to other programs on history.)

10/4/00: Hawaiian Sovereignty (Listen in RealAudio…)
A bill to federally recognize Native Hawaiians has just passed the House, but the Hawaiian sovereignty movement is split on the issue. Some fear that federal recognition of Native Hawaiians will lead to a trust relationship with the U.S. They argue that Hawaii will turn into nothing more than an island reservation. Others say that federal recognition will actually protect a portion of their land base and provide much needed program dollars. Guests include Hawaiian sovereignty activist Dr. Kekuni Blaisedale. Find out more on the issue at www.nativehawiians.com.

10/3/00: Making It Rain and Snow (Listen in RealAudio…)
Climatologists have been predicting severe drought in much of the temperate regions of the world and especially in the American Plains and Southwest. But these regions have been taking matters into their own hands by bringing in the rainmakers - weather modification specialists. These expert scientists have been seeding clouds to increase rain and snowfall in dry areas. Can we solve our growing water crisis through weather modification? Guests include Scotty Savage of Weather Modification, Inc. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

10/2/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
After several years of court battles, the nine-thousand-year-old skeletal remains of Kennewick Man have been returned to Northwest tribes. On the eastern seaboard of Canada, gunfire has been exchanged in the ongoing lobster battle between members of the Mikmaq Nation and non-native fishermen. The Blackfeet of Montana have announced a new wind power project that will capture the extreme winds from the Rockies onto the Great Plains, and we'll also honor an Apache elder for his work as an archeologist. All this plus we'll be taking your calls to let us know what's happening in your community. (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

9/28/00: Declaration of Native Independence (Listen in RealAudio…)
Many non-federally recognized tribal communities have been working to gain their sovereign status and cultural independence. But what happens if a tribal community that is part of a confederation of tribes wants its own autonomy? The Covelo Round Valley reservation in Northern California has been dealing with this exact question. Can we have a sovereign tribe within a federation of tribes? Or does this endanger the entire alliance? Guests include Patricia Freeman of the Breakaway Band of Covelo Indians and Covelo Round Valley Tribal Administrator Michael Pena.

9/27/00: Book-of-the-Month: "The Roads of My Relations" (Listen in RealAudio…)
Choctaw writer Devon A. Mihesuah chronicles the lives of her family spanning several generations. She provides us with insight into her ancestors and traces the footsteps of their forced relocation from their homeland in Mississippi to their present day home in Southeastern Oklahoma. Her stories express the strength of a tribe whose identity and pride have survived the disruptions of colonialism. What lessons can we learn from the roads of our relations? (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

9/26/00: NASA Technology Saving Tribal Languages (Listen in RealAudio…)
Tribal leaders have been looking to NASA for technology to help save Native languages. Indian educators have wanted to take advantage of NASA's advanced curriculum and tools to recreate successful language programs that have taught astronauts and cosmonauts different foreign dialects. But can this technology revive ancient dialects of Native America? Guests include Vernon Finley of the Salish-Kootenai Tribal College and Tony Vanchu of NASA's Johnson Space Center.

9/25/00: Creating Change Through Native Media (Listen in RealAudio…)
For decades most of the work to improve social conditions in Native communities has come from grassroots organizations and tribal social services. Media resources have had little or no effect on these campaigns. But today more Native people have been using media forums to send out strong, positive and direct messages. Can Native-owned media create healthy changes in Indian Country? Guests include Kevin Peniska, publisher of Well Nations Magazine and Navajo/Comanche spiritual counselor Patricia Davis. (Listen to other programs on civil rights.) (Listen to other programs on media issues)

9/21/00: Southwest Tribal Leaders Summit (Listen in RealAudio…)
Tribes of the Southwest such as the Navajo Nation, the Hopi Nation, the Zuni Nation and the Pueblos of New Mexico met during this week to determine their priority issues. Environmental protection, water rights, off-rez services for tribal members, and emerging technology have been some of the topics on the table. What will a united region do for tribal communities? Guests include President Kelsey Begaye of the Navajo Nation and Chairman Wayne Taylor of the Hopi Nation.

9/20/00: Aboriginal Olympics (Listen in RealAudio…)
The 2000 Olympics have kicked off and the games proved to be quite special considering that more Indigenous nations were represented and there was state-of-the-art design to the environment-friendly facilities. The Australian Aboriginal peoples have also found the Olympics in Sydney to be an effective forum to raise their cultural issues. Can the 2000 Olympiad help usher in a new era of Indigenous awareness and environmental responsibility? Guests include 1964 Olympic Gold Medalist Billy Mills (Oglala). Watch QuickTime videos online of Billy Mills dramatic triumph in the 10,000 meters run at the 1964 Oympics in Tokyo, Japan. You must have a QuickTime Player to view these clips. You can download a player at http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/. For more on the 2000 Olympics go to Official Site of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.

9/19/00: Anti-Drug Campaign in Native America (Listen in RealAudio…)
The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy has invested over $3 million to reach Native-specific audiences with anti-drug messages. They have launched a national media campaign using radio and print ads. This campaign is in response to new statistics that show that drug use among Native youth has been rising despite overall reductions by U.S. youth in general. Guests include Jennifer Bishop with the National Youth & Anti-Drug Media Campaign.

9/14/00: Disenrollment for Dollars (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Las Vegas Paiute tribal council has disenrolled 14 people out of its 54-member tribe. The council has ruled that the people did not have sufficient records of their ancestral heritage. The disenrollees, however, have said that big development money, per capita payments and a greedy tribal council is why they were kicked out. How has wealth affected intertribal relations? Are we succumbing to greed and outside interests? (Listen to other programs on economics.)

9/13/00: Contamination of the North (Listen in RealAudio…)
Alaska has been listed as a state under environmental attack. Environmental groups have said that toxins from around the world have migrated to Alaska and the problem has been compounded by the pollution generated by the oil companies, military complexes and global warming. How does the environmental health of Alaska affect global conditions? Guests include Sterling Gologergen of Alaska Community Action on Toxics. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

9/12/00: New Life within the Horse Cultures (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Nez Perce of northern Idaho have been using horses for youth therapy and rehabilitation. These magical colts have ignited a new appreciation of their tribal culture for the youngsters. The Nez Perce have also celebrated a new breed of Appaloosa which has drawn worldwide attention. Do these animals have spiritual powers and the strength to heal? Guests include Bonnie Ewing of the Chief Joseph Foundation and Rudy Shabala of the Nez Perce Horse Registry.

9/11/00: The New Age of Civil War (Listen in RealAudio…)
Have we entered a new age of civil war? Conflicts involving Indigenous peoples have seemed to be escalating globally. From Indonesia and Papua New Guinea to Mexico and South America, Indigenous lands and cultures have been under attack over resources and cultural differences. What role have we in the United States play in these global conflicts? Guests include Ward Churchill, Professor of American Indian Studies of the University of Colorado at Boulder. (Listen to other programs on race.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

9/6/00: Blueprint for an Indian Land Claim (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native attorneys specializing in land claims have been working on behalf of tribes for decades. Now, their tedious labor is paying off. Tribes in Texas, California, New York, Nevada and several other states are suing for land and monetary judgments based on legal interpretations of old treaties and laws. Do all tribes have legal claim to land and other retribution? Guests include Kevin Brady, chairman of the Yomba Shoshone. (Listen to other programs on land issues)

9/5/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
Current Events from September 2000: Indian trust funds mismanagement case, an English-only law in Oklahoma, politicians wooing the Indian vote. Guests include Jim Gray, publisher of Oklahoma Indian Times newspaper. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on election 2000.) (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

9/4/00: Crisis at Burnt Church (Listen in RealAudio…)
Anti-Indian organizations and the Ministry of Fisheries and Oceans are squaring off against Aboriginal fishermen in New Brunswick, Canada. The battle is over fishing rights and quotas. First Nations people fear this could lead to an armed conflict if the people are not allowed to subsist. It's happened before. Will it happen again? Guests include Karen Somerville, spokesperson for the Burnt Church Aboriginal community. Read an article from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation on the history of the conflict. (Listen to other programs on international issues)

8/31/00: Big Brother in Our Schools (Listen in RealAudio…)
How far do we have to go to keep our schools safe? We already have metal detectors, drug-sniffing dogs, and armed security. Why not add video cameras in every classroom, every hallway, and every bus to monitor every move? Do we have to conform to a virtual police state to keep violence from breaking out in one of America's most sacred institutions…the neighborhood school? (Listen to other programs on education.)

8/30/00: Book-of-the-Month: "Where the Pavement Ends" (Listen in RealAudio…)
Assiniboine author William Yellow Robe, Jr., began his career in the theater as an actor. Although his acting skills were respected, there were few roles for Native people. He began writing his own plays, creating roles not just for himself but other Native actors as well. One of the results of his work is "Where the Pavement Ends", a new book comprised of five of Yellow Robe's most poignant and powerful plays. (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

8/29/00: Hemp Harvest Bust (Listen in RealAudio…)
For the past several years, Alex White Plume has been growing industrial hemp on the Oglala Lakota reservation in South Dakota, as an act of personal sovereignty. A harvest ceremony was scheduled to take place the week of August 28th but before it could take place DEA officers raided White Plume's farm and cut 4,000 hemp plants. Guests include Alex White Plume of the Lakota Nation and attorney Tom Bianco. (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

8/28/00: Campaign 2000: The Green Party (Listen in RealAudio…)
Winona LaDuke is an Anishinaabe activist, mother, journalist, author and vice presidential candidate in the 2000 presidential race. She's a lifelong grassroots activist and Harvard-trained economist who believes running for office is the way to make a difference. Who is Winona LaDuke and why is she running? She joins us live in Studio 49 to talk about the Green Party platform and her role on the ticket. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

8/24/00: The Arctic Caribou Trail (Listen in RealAudio…)
For the past 300 years, the birthing grounds of the great caribou herds of the arctic have remained untouched by man. Gwich'in people want to bring attention to the need to preserve the herds. Can the caribou survive in the 21st Century?

8/23/00: AIO Ambassadors Program (Listen in RealAudio…)
In 1993, Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO) launched a leadership program designed to create a new generation of tribal leaders who incorporated traditional values into their decision making process. This intensive training program continues to change the lives of young Indian people in positive ways, who in turn create positive changes in their communities. Are you a young leader looking for culturally appropriate training? Guests include Laura Harris of the Comanche Tribe, director of the AIO Ambassadors Program.

8/21/00: Indian in the Spotlight: Irene Bedard (Listen in RealAudio…)
You've seen her on the big screen in Smoke Signals and Lakota Woman. You've heard her voice on your child's videotape of Pocahontas and you've probably noticed her appealing smile on the cover of numerous magazines. Because of her acting talent she has become a familiar figure in today's pop culture. Join us as we visit with our Indian in the Spotlight, Iñupiat/Cree actress Irene Bedard.

8/16/00: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Listen in RealAudio…)
In August of 2000, the SETI institute started to get ready to construct a new telescope array to expand our search for extraterrestrial life. Is there extraterrestrial life out in the universe? Guests include Seth Shostak, senior researcher for the SETI Institute.

8/15/00: Wildfires of the West (Listen in RealAudio…)
Experts say that summer 2000 fires have burned more acreage than any other year in recent memory. What factors caused these deadly infernos? Guests include Darren Kipp of the Blackfeet Nation, producer of the documentary Fire Warriors. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

8/14/00: The Democratic National Convention (Listen in RealAudio…)
Thousands of people, including nearly one hundred Native American delegates, went to Los Angeles for the opening of the Democratic National Convention. What does the Democratic platform have to offer Native America? And why do 80 percent of Indian people vote for the Democratic ticket? Join us as we take you to the Democratic National Convention. Guests include Sue Masten, President of the National Congress of American Indians and Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

8/10/00: The Dangers of Dioxins (Listen in RealAudio…)
Dioxins are one of the most dangerous compounds known to man. The scary thing is that we're finding dioxins everywhere in our daily lives. Alarming amounts of dioxins are found in the air, in the water, and even in our food. What can be done to stop the dangerous industrial emissions of dioxins into our environment? Guests include Bradley Angel of Green Action Network. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

8/9/00: Printing Redbacks (Listen in RealAudio…)
Expanding economic opportunities is the number one priority for many tribes, whether it's pursuing a casino resort, opening a bank, or developing natural resources. What if tribes started to print their own money, backed with energy and natural resources already on Indian land? Could printing our own "redbacks" finally secure our economic and political independence? Guests include participants from the Oweesta conference in Virginia. (Listen to other programs on economics.)

8/8/00: Influencing Politics with Gaming Dollars (Listen in RealAudio…)
Has gaming revenue evened the playing field between tribes and states? It appears that gambling money is giving tribes and Native people in general more opportunity to be players in political and economic games. Is gaming the "New Buffalo" that will finally give tribes equal status with states' sovereignty? Can tribes act as both political entities and interest groups, and still protect their right to self-govern? Guests include Jakob Coin. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

8/3/00: Saving the Trinity River (Listen in RealAudio…)
In August 2000, the Hupa tribe of northern California went head to head with the state of California on restoring the waterflows to the Trinity River. The Trinity's flow has gone below 50% of normal levels, which has endangered the salmon resource of the river itself. How will this affect the Tribe's dependency on the Trinity and the salmon? Guests include Duane Sherman, Sr., Chairman of the Hupa Valley Tribe in northern California. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

8/2/00: Juvenile Justice (Listen in RealAudio…)
A recent report says that Native youths are increasingly committing crimes. The Coalition of Juvenile Justice says that Native youths are also getting arrested more, suffering more from depression and are abusing drugs and alcohol at record rates. What can we do to reverse this dangerous trend and ensure the survival of our future generations?

8/1/00:Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
Current Events from August 2000: GOP convention, Campaign 2000, trust fund mismanagement and more. Guests include Eloise Cobell, lead plaintiff on the individual trust fund mismanagement class action suit. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.) (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

7/31/00: A Walk to Remember (Listen in RealAudio…)
A group of Native Americans went on a Spirit Journey around Lake Superior. The Walk brought attention to the destruction of the Great Lakes and the worlds fresh water supplies. The Walk was a vision by the late Ojibway Walt Bressette who spent his life in the protection of the Great Lakes and his people. Guests include Esther Nahgahnub and Frank Koehen who are co-organizing the Walk to Remember.

7/27/00: Shut Down the Defense Labs? (Listen in RealAudio…)
Defense proponents are looking to increase spending at the laboratories and claim it's necessary to maintain our nuclear deterrents. Activists, however, say the only true deterrent for nuclear war is to disarm the weapons. Should the U.S. cut back its nuclear arsenal? Or should we maintain our stockpiles in the name of global stability? Guests include Peggy Prince, director of Peace Action New Mexico.

7/26/00: Book-of-the-Month: "Salmon and His People" (Listen in RealAudio…)
Northwest tribes believe that one of the greatest tragedies of this century is the loss of Chinook salmon runs and traditional fishing sites on the Columbia River. Elders say the circle of life has been broken and are contemplating the consequences of breaking the circle. Nez Perce author Allen Pinkham and biologist Dan Landeen's new book combines traditional environmental knowledge with Western science in a compelling story to save the Salmon and His People. (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

7/25/00: Zuni Enigma (Listen in RealAudio…)
Did a group of thirteenth century Japanese pilgrims come to the American Southwest and merge with the people of Zuni? Did these Asians influence the language and religion of the Zuni people? According to Dr. Nancy Yaw Davis, the answer to both questions is yes. She claims to have uncovered evidence that suggests the Zuni were visited by Japanese travelers some seven hundred years ago. Is it true? Guests include Nancy Yaw Davis, author of "The Zuni Enigma" and Malcolm Bowekety, member of the Zuni Nation. (Listen to other programs on history.)

7/24/00: The Language of Spirituality (Native Languages and Science) (Listen in RealAudio…)
Do you believe that answers to scientific phenomena are best interpreted through Native languages? A group of researchers say the cadence and phonetics of indigenous dialects seem to define quantum phenomena and other universal laws more elaborately and correctly. Join us as we listen to the Language of Spirituality, a meeting of minds between Native wisdom keepers and non-Native scholars and scientists. Guests include Leroy Little Bear of the Blood Indian Tribe of Canada.

7/20/00: The New BIA Regulations on Blood Quantum? (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered new blood quantum guidelines that could lead to a new definition of who is Indian. Many Native communities may not be aware of the proposed rule. Did you hear about it? In this edition of NAC we asked you to share your views on the setting of standards for Native recognition, which determines how the government determines tribal sovereignty. Guests include Steven Quesenberry of the California Indian Legal Services.

7/18/00: Death by Degrees (Listen in RealAudio…)
Global warming isn't speculation. It's here right now and researchers are concerned that the current warming trend could lead to insurmountable disasters. Not only are scientists predicting erratic weather patterns but possible outbreaks of dormant viruses and bacteria. How do we protect ourselves from the current warming trend? Guests include Doctor Tony Broccoli a climate model expert for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and members of the Physicians for Social Responsibility, which published "Death By Degrees," a report on the warming crisis. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

7/17/00: Habitat for Native Humanity (Listen in RealAudio…)
Housing is a problem largely ignored on many reservations, but a man out of Seattle made building quality homes on Indian lands his primary mission. He organized a group called the Red Feather Foundation and they built a home on the Pine Ridge Reservation. They plan to help out more Native families in need. Can an average American make a difference in the lives of Native people? Guests include Robert Young, founder of the Red Feather Foundation.

7/13/00: Should Tribes Own Their Own Banks? (Listen in RealAudio…)
The North American Native Bankers Association (NANBA) convened in San Diego this July 2000 to help tribes create their own banks. The association felt that operating financial institutions is the next step in creating a truly sovereign Native America. But what does it take for Native America to create a banking industry? And can it be done without losing assets? Guests include J.D. Colbert, president of NANBA and Frank Riolo, NANBA chairman. (Listen to other programs on economics.)

7/12/00: The New Indian War (GOP Attack on Indian Sovereignty) (Listen in RealAudio…)
The conservative Washington State Republican Party launched a full-scale attack on tribal sovereignty by passing a resolution to abolish tribal governments. Skagit County delegate John Fleming was one of the main authors of the resolution and he demanded that all non-republican forms of government on Indian reservations be terminated. If the tribes fought back then "the Army, Navy, Marines and the National Guard will have to fight back, too." Are we seeing the beginning of a new and more lethal Indian War? Guests include US House Representative J.D. Hayworth (R-AZ) and NCAI Vice President Ron Allen. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

7/6/00: Repatriating Ancient Remains (Listen in RealAudio…)
Repatriating ancient remains is hard to do, even with the law on your side. More and more human remains and artifacts are in the hands of private collectors who aren't willing to give them back. That has created a repatriation movement in Native America that's gaining momentum. Can we bring the remains of our ancestors home and put them to rest? Guest include Leonard Little Finger, spokesman for the Sitanka Tiwa'he. (Listen to other programs on NAGPRA and repatriation issues)

7/5/00: Native American Holiday 2000? (Listen in RealAudio…)
United Native America announced that the Native American Caucus reviewed the proposal to create a National Native American Holiday. The proposal went before the caucus in the summer of 2000, and the holiday is suggested for October. Does creating a National Native Holiday improve mainstream America's understanding of Native Americans? Guest include Mike Graham and Hasting Shade of United Native America. (Listen to other programs on race.)

7/3/00: Mapping the Human Genome (Listen in RealAudio…)
Geneticists proclaimed that they successfully mapped out the entire human genome, which could lead to medical breakthroughs. But there are fears that the genetic database could be misused by biotech corporations and rogue scientists. Native peoples also expressed concerns that their DNA could end up as a commodity on the open market or used in animal experiments. Guests include Debra Harry of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Bio-Colonialism and Dr. Jonathan King, Professor of Biology at MIT.

6/26/00: Incident at Oglala the 25th Anniversary (Listen in RealAudio…)
The 25th anniversary of the shoot-out at Oglala. AIM activists called for a healing ceremony regarding the 1975 shoot-out where two FBI agents and an Indian activist were killed. The incident later led to the imprisonment of Leonard Peltier. Guests include Edgar Bear Runner and Jean Day co-organizers of the 25th anniversary events from the Pine Ridge Reservation. (Listen to other programs on civil rights.)

6/22/00: Victims of Torture (Listen in RealAudio…)
Torture in the Third World is still used in interrogating community activists. But the stories of the survivors of torture are being heard. This caught the attention of the Hopi Foundation, which created a special program that assists communities that are subjected to torture. The Foundation also created the Barbara Chester Award to honor torture victims. 2000 Barbara Chester Award went to Shari Eppel of Zimbabwe who works with victims in her community. Can Native America help stop torture in the Third World? Guests include Shari Eppel, Doran Dalton of the Hopi Foundation, and Ceu Brites of East Timor. (Listen to other programs on civil rights.)

6/21/00: Stolen Secrets (Listen in RealAudio…)
Security within the Department of Energy made headlines when two computer hard drives with information on how to construct and dismantle nuclear bombs became missing. Later they were found, but the question of where they were and if the secrets contained on the hard drives were downloaded or compromised will always be wondered. This security breach of our national defense made Congress hopping mad and demanding answers. Guests include Greg Mello of the Los Alamos Study Group and Cara Ong of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

6/20/00: Navajo Sheep Project (Listen in RealAudio…)
The sheep culture sustained the Navajo people for countless generations. But the culture is changing as more young people move away from traditional lifestyles. The Navajo Sheep Project is trying to promote and sustain traditional Navajo lifeways by reviving knowledge of the importance of sheep in Navajo society. Guests include Bess Yellowhair.

6/15/00: Water Issues (Live from the 11th Annual Protecting the Mother Earth Conference) (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native America Calling continues our on-the-road coverage. This time, we take you to Brownsville, Texas on the U.S.-Mexican border. The Indigenous Environmental Network held its 11th annual Protecting Mother Earth conference and speakers and participants addressed vital water and border issues. (Listen to other programs on environment.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

6/14/00: Milestones of the Last Half-Century (Listen in RealAudio…)
Termination, relocation, restorations, casino nations…Native America has seen a lot of changes over the years, but what are the significant events that have shaped and molded Indian Country into its present shape. Join Native America Calling as it asks what are the most notable milestones of the last half-century in Indian Country? NAC host Harlan McKosato reports live from the 16th annual gathering of the Native American Journalists Association. (Listen to other programs on history.)

6/13/00: BIA Access with Kevin Gover (Listen in RealAudio…)
As he winds down his tenure as the assistant secretary of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs director Kevin Gover once again joined our airwaves to provide insight from the inside of the BIA. A major issue being dealt with by the Bureau is tribes seeking federal recognition. Gover has been criticized and praised for his work in this area. We gave you access to the top man in the chain of command of arguably the most important office in Native America. Listen to those who called in with questions and/or comments about economic development, education, trust funds, housing, etc.

6/8/00: Fatherhood (Listen in RealAudio…)
Fathers play an important role in our families. They are role models, protectors, providers, and partners. They can be breadwinners, teachers and mentors. And sadly, sometimes they are also absent due to alcoholism, abandonment or death. How do our fathers influence and shape us? We explore fatherhood on Native America Calling. (Listen to other programs on human rights.)

6/7/00: Native Americans and Anthropology (Listen in RealAudio…)
For years non-native anthropologists have entered into Indigenous communities looking to research their cultural ways. But what if Native people themselves started conducting anthropologic research? Would we get a more accurate picture of our cultural legacy? Guests: Dr. Beverly Singer, Tewa/Navajo professor of Inter Cultural Studies and assistant professor of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico. (Listen to other programs on history.)

6/6/00: Protecting Cultural Property (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Senate Finance Committee is considering legislation regarding the protection of cultural property. Archaeology researchers say if passed Senate Bill 1696 (S. 1696) would open the door for people trading undocumented archeological treasures. That would lead to the pillaging of ancient sites. How can we protect our cultural heritage and property? (Listen to other programs on history.) (Listen to other programs on NAGPRA and repatriation issues)

6/5/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
It’s current events time on Native America Calling. We’ll hear what’s happening all across Indian Country and get updates on Leonard Peltier’s case and the crisis in Oneida New York and the Hog Farm debacle on the Rosebud Reservation. We also have asked you to call in with your event from your community on this Current Events Edition of NAC. (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

6/1/00: Nuclear Waste on Indian Lands (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians has implemented a nuclear waste storage facility on their tribal lands. Surrounding communities and even some members of the tribe have objected by saying the nuclear facility threatens the pristine environment of Utah’s high desert. In the past some tribes have fought to keep nuclear waste off their lands, but in this case Goshute Tribal leaders are choosing to bring nuclear waste onto Goshute land as a means of economic development. Guests: Skull Valley Chairman Leon Bear. (Listen to other programs on land issues)

5/31/00: IITC Convention in Guatemala (Listen in RealAudio…)
The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC) are to hold their annual conference in Guatemala. The IITC has been working with the Indigenous peoples of the region to secure basic human rights and are calling for justice for the families who lost loved ones during the Guatemalan civil wars. Has peace finally reached the Indigenous peoples of Guatemala? Guests include Andrea Carmen of the International Indian Treaty Council. (Listen to other programs on international issues)

5/30/00: Book-of-the-Month: "The Toughest Indian in the World" (Listen in RealAudio…)
Sherman Alexie’s long awaited new book release “The Toughest Indian in the World.” is hitting the newsstands. Join us for this Book of the Month Edition as we meet with Sherman Alexie and discuss his collection of short stories. (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

5/25/00: The Embryo Body Shop (Listen in RealAudio…)
The cloning of human embryos for research could lead to the production of spare human body parts. Researchers in the United Kingdom are ready to start producing human creatures solely for harvesting body parts and organs. Critics of this technology say we have overstepped our moral and ethical boundaries and are courting genetic disaster. Should we be creating human organisms for harvesting spare body parts?

5/24/00: Internet Gambling on the Rez (Listen in RealAudio…)
As Native America attempts to bridge the digital divide, it also has its eyes on bringing revenue onto the reservation. Could Internet gaming on Indian land be the answer? Some tribes are preparing for the day when outsiders can log on to www.tribesname.com and gamble at their leisure. Tribes have declared victory in many areas of gaming, but are they ready to rumble with the states and the gaming industry online? Guests include Jacob Coin of the Hopi Tribe, director of the National Indian Gaming Association. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on gaming.)

5/23/00: Auctioning Indian Artifacts on the Net (Listen in RealAudio…)
There are several Internet auction sites selling off rare Native American antiquities. Anyone can bid on religious artifacts, burial items and other sacred objects. With little or no regulation of Internet auction sites, Native peoples have little chance of stopping these unethical sales. What can be done to stop the Internet sale of Native American artifacts? (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on NAGPRA and repatriation issues)

5/22/00: New Mexico Fires (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Cerro Grande fire that has torched nearly fifty thousand acres in northern New Mexico has moved into Indian Country on Santa Clara Pueblo land the week of May 22. The blaze is burning sites held sacred by the pueblo and is jeopardizing their subsistent way of life. How will the people rebuild once the inferno is stopped?

5/18/00: Bio-Tech Foods (Listen in RealAudio…)
Thousands of people demonstrated in Boston against the “genetic pollution” of our food supply. When scientists splice genes from viruses, bacteria, animals and plants into our traditional food supply, what are we really eating? What are the environmental effects of genetically engineered crops? Should we allow our food to be genetically altered? Force the industry to label all genetically engineered food? Or just leave Mother Nature alone? Guests: Irana Chalmers, an information resource specialist witht he International Food Information Council, and Ron Cummins, national director of the Organic Consumers Association.

5/17/00: Indian in the Spotlight: Hattie Kauffman (Listen in RealAudio…)
She has been an award-winning journalist who has made her mark in the television world and climbed to the top of her field. She has been a role model and a mother. She has appeared on CBS’s “The Early Show” during the week, and she is our Indian in the Spotlight for May 17. Who is she? The one and only Hattie Kauffman of the Nez Perce Tribe.

5/16/00: Rewriting America's History Books (Listen in RealAudio…)
Jeanne Owawin-Eder always wanted to rewrite the history books, especially after reading textbooks that misrepresented her Dakota and Assiniboine relatives. So she earned a doctoral degree in history and has already written two books that reflect more positive images of Indians. Eder joined us to share her views on rewriting whitewashed history. (Listen to other programs on education.) (Listen to other programs on history.) (Listen to other programs on media issues) (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

5/15/00: Racial Profiling (Listen in RealAudio…)
Civil rights groups across the country attempt to put a stop to a police practice known as racial profiling, the act of stopping motorists based on their ethnicity. It’s a practice that’s been used against Native Americans and other minorities for years. How do we protect our people, especially our young people, from being harassed by the law? (Listen to other programs on civil rights.) (Listen to other programs on race.) (Listen to other programs on racism.)

5/10/00: Employment Benefits for Medicine People (Listen in RealAudio…)
There is a movement in the upper Great Lakes region in which traditional Native medicine people try to get their work recognized as employment and therefore qualify for state workers’ benefits. Can the work of medicine people be considered employment in the eyes of the state and tribal communities? Guests include spiritual leaders of the Great Lakes tribes. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on religious issues)

5/9/00: Indian Cowgirls (Listen in RealAudio…)
When you picture the "wild wild west", you may not necessarily think of women. But seeing women on the Indian rodeo circuit is nothing new. In fact, they’ve been calf roping and barrel racing to great applause since the days of Annie Oakley. Today, women have been bustin’ broncs and riding bulls. We met a few of the country’s best Indian Cowgirls and talked about this unique lifestyle. Guests: Lynn McGwire of the Osage Nation of Oklahoma.

5/8/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
The new Sacagawea gold dollar coin has been well received around the nation and the Shoshone-Bannock model who posed for the coin has also found sudden popularity. The Sacred Hoop Walk has made its way across the country and New Mexico gaming tribes have geared up for their showdown with the state. And, were you infected with the “lovebug” computer virus? We brought you these and other current events from Indian Country. (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

5/4/00: Getting MADD (Listen in RealAudio…)
For twenty years Mothers Against Drunk Driving (also known as MADD) has fought to stop drunk driving as well as supported victims and families of victims of drunk driving and finally worked to prevent under-age drinking. What started as one woman’s loss of a child has turned into a national movement against drunk driving. Guests: Sharon Perisien, founder of the Turtle Mountain chapter of MADD and Millie Webb, MADD National President.

5/3/00: The Cahokia Mounds (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Cahokia Mounds, some of the largest earthen structures in the world, were built by ancient sophisticated Native cultures more than 1,000 years ago. Used for ceremonies and burials, the Cahokia Mounds have since been run down by all-terrain vehicles. Why is recreation valued more than Native heritage? And what has been done to stop the destruction of these sacred sites? (Listen to other programs on history.)

5/2/00: Chernobyl's Fallout (Listen in RealAudio…)
A new report issued on the 14th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear meltdown says the accident released 100 times more radiation than two atomic bombs used in World War II. Some seven million people have suffered from Chernobyl's fallout in Russia, the Ukraine and the Netherlands, and the numbers continue to grow. What lessons did Chernobyl teach us? Guests: Michael Mariotte of the Nuclear Information Resource Center. (Listen to other programs on history.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

4/27/00: Whaling Season (Listen in RealAudio…)
Despite a growing number of opponents and hardships, Native people have continued their tradition of hunting whales in the springtime. These annual hunts provide an opportunity for the people of the North Pacific and the Alaskan seas to subsist on the seasonal cycles of migratory animals. Do you feel it’s more important to stop hunting whales for preservation? Or should Native people continue one of the continent’s oldest and most sacred cultural traditions?

4/26/00: Book-of-the-Month: "Madchild Running" (Listen in RealAudio…)
This intense and powerful first work by Keith Egawa, a promising young Lummi author, tells the story of a young girl caught up in the harrowing world of urban violence. A young Native American man in his first job after college encounters an amazing variety of people in his role as a social worker. He becomes the young girl’s role model and she becomes the one person he wants to save. We interview the author of Madchild Running on our Book-of-the-Month edition. (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

4/24/00: Peace and Dignity Journeys (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Peace and Dignity Journey 2000 has started, and spiritual runners are making their way across North and South America to help fulfill an indigenous prophecy of bringing the people of the eagle and the people of the condor together. We visit with some of the spiritual leaders who are undertaking the journey. Is this the time of spiritual union between the Native people of the north and south? Guests: Rocky Rodriguez of Peace and Dignity Journeys.

4/20/00: Oklahoma Land Run Celebration (Listen in RealAudio…)
Each year in schools all across the state, students and faculty celebrate the Great Land Run of 1889. But many of these institutes of learning have not told the whole story. They have made little mention of the disrespect shown towards the Indian Nations within Oklahoma Territory borders or the corrupt government policies that made this statewide land claim a sham. What has Oklahoma been celebrating, anyway? (Listen to other programs on history.)

4/19/00: AIDS in Indian Country (Listen in RealAudio…)
Although this deadly disease has not making attention-grabbing headlines as it once did, AIDS has still been a lethal menace. And like many minority communities, Native America has struggled to overcome its fatal grasp. What has been the impact of AIDS in Indian Country? Who have been its most likely victims? And how have Native communities responding to this internationally-known killer?

4/18/00: Earth’s Report Card (Listen in RealAudio…)
With Earth Day on the horizon, we examine the condition of our planet’s health. We conduct a checkup on the atmosphere, the plants and animals, the oceans, the underground water tables, and all the other vital signs that contribute to the well-being of our Mother Earth. Has she passed the tests and made the grade? Have we made any progress since the birth of the ecological movement in the 1960’s? (Listen to other programs on international issues)

4/13/00: Indian in the Spotlight: Tim Giago (Listen in RealAudio…)
He has arguably been Native America’s most well-known journalist. His nationally syndicated column, “Notes from Indian Country”, has been running in papers all over America for 22 years. He launched the reservation-based national newspaper “Lakota Times”, which later became “Indian Country Today”. Now, he has a new newspaper called the “Lakota Nation Journal”. Tim Giago is our Indian in the Spotlight.

4/12/00: Taos Talking Pictures (Listen in RealAudio…)
What do “The Mystery of Chaco Canyon”, “On and Off the Res with Charlie Hill”, “Dread”, and “The Chiapas Media Project” have in common? They have all been featured films at the Taos Talking Pictures Festival 2000. We talk with the makers of these movies about their impact on the world of cinema. Have these messages made their way into the public consciousness? Guests: filmmaker Sandy Osawa of the Makah Nation. (Listen to other programs on media issues)

4/10/00: Beyond the Battle of Seattle (Listen in RealAudio…)
Thousands of protesters headed to Washington for part two of the Battle of Seattle. The World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund continued trade policy negotiations during the week of April 10. Once again, thousands of people have been rallying against their proposed policies. We went beyond Seattle and asked: can indigenous people survive economic globalization? Guests: Carol Kalafatic of the International Indian Treaty Council. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

4/6/00: Selling the Waters of Gitchi-Gummi (Listen in RealAudio…)
The shortage of fresh water in the U.S. and Canada has threatened the health of the Great Lakes, specifically Lake Superior or Lake Gitchi-Gummi (Big Water as it is known in Ojibway). Canadian tankers have already begun hauling water to Ontario to supplement their supply. How long before we start exporting all of the Great Lakes water to quench the thirst of North America? What could this mean for the health of one of the world's largest fresh water ecosystems? Guests: Ann McAnnon-Soltis of the Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission. (Listen to other programs on environment.) (Listen to other programs on land issues)

4/5/00: No Alcohol on Yakama Land (Listen in RealAudio…)
Members of the Yakama Nation have debated whether or not to ban alcohol on their 1.3-million acre reservation, which runs alongside the Cascade Mountains in lower Washington. A three-member board approved a resolution banning alcohol on all reservation lands, including deeded land that was sold to private owners a century ago. Who has jurisdiction over the sale of alcohol on Yakama? Guests: Hope McDonald Lonetree, coordinator of an anti-bootlegging task force in Tuba City. (Listen to other programs on land issues) (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

4/4/00: Wasting the Columbia River (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation became one of the most contaminated places in North America, thanks to the Department of Energy. For five years in the 1960's, Hanford officials buried deadly radioactive waste in underground trenches near the Columbia River. Some have predicted that the contamination could reach the river in about 2003. Meanwhile, Northwest tribes have worked to protect their salmon supply and other treaty rights. Guests: Norm Buske, oceanographer and physicist with the Government Accountability Project, and Russell Jim, progam manager for the Yakama Nation's Enivronmental Resortation Waste Management Program. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

4/3/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
Colombian police have arrested a man they have identified as the guerrilla commander responsible for the kidnapping and slaying of three Americans, including Ingrid Washinawatok of the Menominee Nation. Another Long Walk has taken place at Fort Sumner in New Mexico, only this time in the name of peace. And Census 2000 has been counting on Native people. We brought you these and other current events from Indian Country. (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

3/30/00: Indians & the U.S. Government (Listen in RealAudio…)
European nations first recognized the need to use the international legal device, also known as the treaty, in dealing with tribal nations shortly after the year 1500. All of the colonial powers, and later the United States, recognized the sovereignty of tribal governments by entering into over 800 treaties with tribes. How have treaties and agreements affected our lives in the year 2000? And how have treaty rights and guarantees made Native people different from other population segments of the United States? Guests: Kirke Kickingbird, author of “Indians and the U.S. Constitution”.

3/29/00: Book-of-the-Month: "Life Woven with Song" (Listen in RealAudio…)
Tlingit author Nora Marks Dauenhauer's book “Life Woven with Song” is a collection of real and fictional stories, folktales, poems and plays about Tlingit culture and lifeways. It is her tribute to a lifetime in Alaska, to her ancestors, to her grandchildren, and to her enduring cultural traditions and the ever-present modern challenges. She joined us live for our book-of-the-month edition of Native America Calling. (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

3/28/00: Killing of a Sacred White Buffalo (Listen in RealAudio…)
The white buffalo calf has a significant role in Lakota spirituality. When Medicine Wheel was born in 1996 it marked the only time a white buffalo calf had been born on tribal lands in the twentieth century and it was viewed as a symbol of hope and a sign of rebirth by many tribal members. This sacred animal was murdered on the Pine Ridge Reservation. What has this meant to the Lakota and other Native people? Guests: Floyd Hand of the Oglala Nation. (Listen to other programs on history.)

3/27/00: The Success of Tribal Colleges (Listen in RealAudio…)
Leaders of tribal colleges and other universities have gathered in Albuquerque to discuss ways to better share their accomplishments. These schools have begun innovative programs in areas such as buffalo restoration, tribal business development, cultural preservation and student achievement. Yet few Americans have heard this good news. How can we continue to get the word out? Guests: Louis LaRose, director of the Northern Plains Bison Education Network and Dr. Carolyn Elgin, president of the Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute. (Listen to other programs on education.)

3/23/00: Spring Drought Outlook (Listen in RealAudio…)
According to the National Weather Service, the United States has been in the midst of a worsening drought in 2000 following the warmest winter on record. Several southern states experienced their driest February and the Spring outlook released this week appears bleak. "The drought of 1999 remains with us in the new century and our data indicate conditions are probably going to get worse before they get better," said Secretary William Daley of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Guests: Mark Svoboda, climatologist at the National Drought Mitigation Center, and Doug LaComt, a senior meteorologist at the National Weather Service. (Listen to other programs on environment.)

3/22/00: The Pope's Apology (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Pope has apologized to all the victims of cruel acts committed by the Roman Catholic Church. In asking for forgiveness, the Pope spoke of the Crusades, the Spanish Inquisition, the Nazi Holocaust, the degradation of women and racism towards people of color. But what role did the Church play in the colonization of Native lands and cultures? Guests: Steve Newcomb of the Indigenous Law Institute. (Listen to other programs on religious issues)

3/21/00: The Sacred Hoop Walk (Listen in RealAudio…)
A pilgrimage began on April 2 in California and culminated in ceremonies at the White House on July 10. A unique 100 eagle-feather Hoop of Nations was carried by foot from Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. Participants were to bring attention to drug and alcohol abuse as well as domestic violence in our Native communities in order to increase efforts of preventing and eliminating both. Guests: Don Coyhis, executive director of White Bison, Inc.

3/20/00: Politics in America (Listen in RealAudio…)
Many Americans, including our elected officials, have become disillusioned with the state of our political system. Partisanship voting seems to be the rule of the day and the best interests of the citizens have taken a backseat. What changes can be made to give the power back to the people? Guests include New Mexico Congressman Tom Udall and Ron Allen, vice-president of the National Congress of American Indians. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

3/16/00: The Traditional vs. The Modern Woman (Listen in RealAudio…)
How does the modern woman balance the needs of her culture and modern lifestyle? Many traditional teachings place the role of women in the home to work and teach the children the tribal ways. But the demands of modern society have many women leaving the home and their communities for higher education and competitive careers. How can Native women balance the needs of both worlds and maintain their cultural responsibilities as well?

3/15/00: That Great American Gas Out (Listen in RealAudio…)
Some organizations and environmental groups have demanded the people of the United States boycott gasoline, because they felt our purchasing of fuel has harmed the rest of the world. If we have bought fuel to run our cars or heat our homes does that mean that we needed to share in the blame of what the gas and oil companies have done throughout the world? Or have these organizations put undue blame on the American consumer? (Listen to other programs on economics.)

3/14/00: Investing in the Indigenous World (Listen in RealAudio…)
Much of the world’s economy has been based on resources stolen from indigenous communities. Some organizations have worked to change that by using publicly donated money and investing it towards Native American projects. That has allowed Native American communities to develop the resources they want to develop and left them the option to preserve other resources that they would rather leave untouched. Guests: Rebecca Adamson, President of the First Nations Development Institute. (Listen to other programs on economics.)

3/13/00: Gun Control (Listen in RealAudio…)
Gun control has become one of the hottest issues in this year’s presidential election. The killings involving adolescents and most recently the killing of a six-year-old by another six-year-old has America asking if the second amendment - the right to bear arms - is worth the lives of our children and their descendants. Guests: Robert B. Goode of the National Rifle Association. (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

3/9/00: Peyote: Narcotic or Medicine? (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native people throughout the four directions have joined the Native American Church, which uses the sacred plant Peyote in its rituals and ceremonies. Believers say, if used properly, the cactus plant can heal illnesses and create a window to the spirit world. Others claim it is nothing more than a hallucinogenic drug. What are the laws concerning Peyote and its usage in the year 2000? (Listen to other programs on religious issues) (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

3/8/00: International Women's Day (Listen in RealAudio…)
Founded in 1911, International Women's Day was the kernel around which Women's History Month (1987) was established in the U.S. On or near the 8th of March each year, women of all ages and cultures and from all walks of life have joined together around the world to celebrate solidarity and demand justice for all women. (Listen to other programs on history.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

3/7/00: Why Do Men Rape? (Listen in RealAudio…)
Is rape about power and domination? Or is it simply a savage and demented way for men to reproduce? A controversial book called "A Natural History of Rape" has sparked this argument. The authors contended that rape is a way for males to spread their seed and their genes to the next generation. Other experts in the field said the book and the theory are unfounded and ridiculous. Guests: book co-author and University of New Mexico biologist Randy Thornhill and Carolyn Ford of the Albuquerque Rape Crisis Center.

3/2/00: Freedom of the Press in Native America (Listen in RealAudio…)
If newspapers, radio stations and other media outlets were owned by tribal councils or native corporations does it affect what has been covered by them? Can we have an objective look at news stories when tribal politics play a role? Have there been special obstacles for journalists in Native America or has this been an unfortunate evil that all journalists face when the interests of the publisher or broadcasting licensee and the interests of the public at large aren't one and the same? Guests: Paul DeMain, Managing Editor and CEO of News From Indian Country. (Listen to other programs on media issues)

2/28/00: African & Native American Heritage and History (Listen in RealAudio…)
In recognition of Black History Month we offered a glimpse of the shared heritage between Native and African Americans. This blending of cultures has created unique tribal identities in parts of Indian Country as well as producing unity, controversy, and even hostility in our Native communities. What is the shared history and heritage between Blacks and Indians? Guests: historian Dr. William Loren Katz. Listen to other NAC programs on race including an older program on Black Indians. (Listen to other programs on race.) (Listen to other programs on history.)

2/24/00: Alaska's Subsistence War (Listen in RealAudio…)
Governor Tony Knowles appealed a key judicial decision to the Alaska Supreme Court that could devastate the rights of Alaska Natives for priority fishing and hunting. In response, the Alaska Federation of Natives has been appealing to supporters internationally to protect their inherent way of life.

2/23/00: Book-of-the-Month: "A Map to the Next World" (Listen in RealAudio…)
In her fifth book Muscogee author Joy Harjo melds memories, dream visions, myths and stories from America's brutal history into a poetic whole. Her visionary lyricism offers the hope of redemption and the title poem bears the reminder that there is no beginning or end to our journey and that each of us must draw our own map. Guests: Joy Harjo. (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

2/22/00: Bureau of Indian Affairs for 2000 (Listen in RealAudio…)
Whether we appreciate it or not, the BIA has continued to play a significant role in the livelihoods of tribal members and in the destiny of our tribal lands. Once again, we offerred you direct access to the person who directs the agency, Kevin Gover. Guests: Kevin Gover, Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs and head of the BIA.

2/21/00: Presidential Campaign 2000 (Listen in RealAudio…)
As the primary elections for President heated up, it become apparent that the candidates wouldn't volunteer to talk about Indian issues. Some Native leaders have said Indian issues didn't even register a blip on the radar screens of the top candidates. How do we get the attention of presidential hopefuls? Guests: Fred Harris, former U.S. Senator and current political science professor at the University of New Mexico and Mark Anthony Rolo with Washington Bureau of Indian Country Today. Hear and see what the candidates have said. (Listen to other programs on election 2000.)

2/17/00: High School Hoops (Listen in RealAudio…)
High school basketball has been "king" in Indian Country. On this edition of Native America Calling, Harlan opened up the phone lines and let Indian Country show its support for local teams as well as tell of their successes and finally about how a great high school team can spread pride throughout its community. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on education.)

2/16/00: Dying Languages (Listen in RealAudio…)
The clock has been ticking on many of the indigenous languages of the world. In Native America, of an estimated 300 languages spoken when Columbus arrived, only 175 have still been spoken. Of those, only 20 have been passed from parents to their children. But all over the world, ambitious efforts have been made to save our dying languages from their deathbeds.

2/15/00: Race Relations on College Campuses (Listen in RealAudio…)
A group calling themselves the Students of Color took over the student union at the University of Michigan. They did so to protest the schools support of a secret society called Michigamua, which they claim exploits, ridicules, and perpetuates stereotypes of Native Americans. The Students of Color wanted university officials to sever all ties with the allegedly racist group. Are race relations on college campuses ready to explode into the public eye? (Listen to other programs on race.) (Listen to other programs on racism.) (Listen to other programs on education.)

2/14/00: Valentine's Day (Why do we fall in love?) (Listen in RealAudio…)
A U.S. News and World Report has claimed that biology, not romance, guides Cupid's arrows. It contended that we are simply looking for a healthy mate. But romantics like to believe we follow our hearts when it comes to…well, matters of the heart. We talked about love and romance on this Valentine's Day edition of Native America Calling. Guests: indianz.com's "Love Monster"

2/9/00: Peace for Cuba (Listen in RealAudio…)
A delegation of Native Americans was in Cuba promoting peace and international solidarity for the world's indigenous peoples. On this special cultural edition we took you to Cuba to get a firsthand report on what has happened in the country. What do the peoples of Cuba and Native America have in common? And what can be done to improve our relations with one another? Guests: Dennis Banks of the American Indian Movement and Cuban representatives. (Listen to other programs on international issues)

2/8/00: Combating White Supremacy (Listen in RealAudio…)
White supremacy and hate groups have abounded in rural America, especially in areas that border native reservations. On this edition of Native America Calling we talked with Coeur d'Alene tribal chairman Ernie Stensgar about how his tribe has dealt with racial tensions in Idaho. Ernie was awarded the Bayard Rustin Civil Rights Award for his work against racism. Can Native America take more of a leadership role in combating racism? (Listen to other programs on racism.)

2/7/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
On this current events program we heard about a proposal to cede the Southwest territories back to Mexico and the Indigenous peoples. We also visited with the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee and received an update on the recent visit between Canada's Assembly of First Nations President Phil Fontaine and Leonard Peltier. And of course, we opened the phone lines to hear what had been happening in your community. (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

2/3/00: Generation of Orphans (Listen in RealAudio…)
The AIDS epidemic in Africa left a startling total of 10 million children without parents, and the number is growing. The United Nations Security Council has worried about the implications of a whole generation of orphans growing up without parental guidance. Has this created a valueless society? What can be done for this dire situation in Africa? And how does it affect Native America?

2/2/00: Racial Diversity on Television (Listen in RealAudio…)
There have been few, if any, visible signs of Native people on the major TV networks. Demands have been made, boycotts have been organized, and petitions have been signed, but still not much progress has been made on securing jobs for people of color in the television industry. Is affirmative action the answer? Guests: Sonny Skyhawk of the Lakota Nation and President of American Indians in Film. (Listen to other programs on race.) (Listen to other programs on media issues)

2/1/00: Conflict at Big Mountain (Listen in RealAudio…)
There has been a crisis at Big Mountain. Truly a complicated issue, Native America Calling listened to and talked with both sides. Hopis and Navajos have been arguing over who has right to the land. Add to that accusations that coal interests have been behind it all along with federal red tape and mandates and you have the ball of confusion that has been the conflict at Big Mountain. (Listen to other programs on land issues)

1/31/00: Do You Believe in Miracles? (Listen in RealAudio…)
In what some have called a Christmas Miracle, a Cochiti Pueblo woman awakened after being in a coma for more than 16 years. It happened on Christmas Eve. Doctors and hospital officials were amazed by her recovery. Family members and religious leaders have been singing the praises of divine intervention. On Native America Calling, we opened up the phone lines to ask, "Do you believe in miracles?" (Listen to other programs on religious issues)

1/26/00: Book-of-the-Month: "All Our Relations" (Listen in RealAudio…)
This eagerly awaited non-fiction debut by acclaimed Anishinaabe activist Winona LaDuke is a thoughtful and in-depth account of Native resistance to environmental and cultural degradation. On each page of All Our Relations, LaDuke speaks forcefully for self-determination and community in this beautiful and daring vision of political, spiritual, and ecological transformation. (Listen to other literature programs from 2000)

1/25/00: Pine Ridge Takeover (Listen in RealAudio…)
A crisis has unfolded on the Pine Ridge Reservation. A group of Lakotas have taken over the tribal office in an effort to force an audit of the tribe's casino earnings and revenues from other enterprises. There are allegations that corruption has diverting monies from tribal programs. Guest: Dale Looks Twice, one of the occupiers in the tribal compound.

1/24/00: Indian Gaming Update (Listen in RealAudio…)
Gaming has been one of the hottest and most controversial issues in Indian Country. In California and Nebraska tribal leaders have sought to amend state constitutions to allow casino-style gambling. In New Mexico tribes have fervently negotiated to reduce their revenue-sharing payments to the state. Guests:Judi Morgan of the Nebraska Indian Affairs Commission, Kyle Nabach of National Indian Gaming Commission, and Frank Chavez of the New Mexico Indian Gaming Association. (Listen to other programs on gaming.)

1/20/00: Parental Rights (Listen in RealAudio…)
The plight of the young Cuban refugee, Elian Gonzales, had America wondering what rights and powers parents do have when it comes to their children. But this is a question that Native America has been dealing with for years. In the past, federal agencies have stripped Indian children away from their parents for menial and benign reasons and sent them off to boarding schools and foster homes. Can this still happen today? What protections do parents have if the US government feels they are not good parents? (Listen to other programs on human rights.) (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

1/19/00: Indian in the Spotlight: Vincent Craig (Listen in RealAudio…)
Vincent Craig is best known for his humor and music. But did you know that this Navajo entertainer serves as Justice Commissioner for the White Mountain Apache? Or that he was former prosecutor for the Navajo Nation. On this "Indian in the Spotlight" Edition, we visited with comedian/musician Vincent Craig and discussed how he has transformed hardship into humor. (Listen to other programs on humor.)

1/17/00: Marketing Native America Overseas (Listen in RealAudio…)
Marketing Native America oversees has become a lucrative industry. But how does Native America take advantage of the opportunity without selling its very identity -- as well as the culture it is trying to protect? Guests: Gordon Bronitsky Ph.D. of Bronitsky and Associates Marketing Firm. (Listen to other programs on economics.) (Listen to other programs on international issues)

1/13/00: The Plight of Native Ranchers (Listen in RealAudio…)
Native American ranchers of the Northern Plains have faced bankruptcy unless federal lease fees are lowered. The high fees have threatened the livelihood of the ranchers, but they also have threatened a lifestyle unique to Native ranchers. Who is being called to come to their aid? (Listen to other programs on land issues)

1/12/00: Amending Tribal Constitutions (Listen in RealAudio…)
Tribal constitutions are guidelines that tribes have created to govern their respective nations. The problem, however, has been that many of the current constitutions are outdated and do not reflect the true needs of tribal members. Too often, this results in an internal conflict that can decimate tribes. How can amending tribal constitutions improve communal/council relations? (Listen to other programs on legal issues)

1/11/00: Natives of the Amazon (Listen in RealAudio…)
The Amazon basin is the largest watershed and rain forest system in the world. It is also home to hundreds of different Indigenous communities, which are under attack from miners, loggers, and land developers. On this special cultural program we visited with some of the Amazonian peoples and learn of their fight for survival. Guests: Paul Gualinga from the Quichua Nation of Ecuador. (Listen to other programs on international issues)

1/10/00: Spirit of the Salmon (Listen in RealAudio…)
Tribes of the Pacific Northwest have adopted a fisheries management plan to save the Columbia River watershed. A coalition of tribal nations have taken matters into their own hands to save the salmon and their own tribal cultures. Can tribal management practices save the ancient ecosystems of the Great Northwest and revitalize the Spirit of the Salmon? Guests: Scherri Sotomish of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish
Commission.

1/6/00: Gang Life/Rez Life (Listen in RealAudio…)
On many reservations in Indian Country gang life has become a big part of Rez life. Despite anti-gang efforts the lifestyle has continued to attract Native youth. So now, instead of trying to break up the gang infrastructure, work has been done to change the gang value systems. How well is this philosophy working?

1/5/00: Y2K NDNs (Listen in RealAudio…)
It seems Native people have always been defined by others. But now, as we begin the 21st century, we have the opportunity to create our own definitions. How should we determine tribal members? Should it be blood quantum, language, cultural knowledge, or a combination? Host Harlan McKosato takes your calls about defining ourselves as Native people in the new millennium. Check out NAPT's Census page for other related Native America Calling programs...

1/4/00: Protecting Native Gravesites (Listen in RealAudio…)
As urban sprawl and population growth start to devour the landscape, gravesites are becoming more of an issue for tribes. Some states have been offering support in the courts, while others seem to be ignoring the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). How can tribes keep land developers, municipal expansion, and grave robbers from trespassing on sacred gravesites? (Listen to other programs on NAGPRA and repatriation issues)

1/3/00: Current Events (Listen in RealAudio…)
We kicked off the New Year and the 21st century by surveying Native America to make sure everyone survived the Y-2-K Millennium Bug. We helped you catch up on what to expect in the next legislative session on Capitol Hill concerning Indian affairs. We also brought you an update on the standoff in Minnehaha Park. (Listen to other current event programs from 2000 and 2001.)

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